§ 1. Governing Statutory & Common Law Authority
The enforceability of non-competition agreements in Kentucky is governed by Common law; KRS § 311.5295 (physicians). Non-competes enforceable if reasonable. Kentucky courts assess reasonableness based on the employer's legitimate business interest.
Recent legislative developments: Kentucky Supreme Court (2014) ruled continued employment is insufficient consideration, overturning prior precedent.
§ 2. Compensation Threshold Requirements
Kentucky does not impose a minimum salary threshold for non-compete enforceability. This means non-competes may be enforced against employees at any income level, including hourly and part-time workers.
§ 3. Temporal Limitations on Post-Employment Restrictions
Kentucky does not codify a maximum duration. Courts generally uphold 1-2 years. In practice, 1-2 years is generally considered the outer limit of reasonableness, though outcomes vary significantly based on the employee's role and access to trade secrets.
§ 4. Judicial Modification (Blue Pencil Doctrine)
Kentucky follows the blue pencil doctrine: courts can narrow overbroad non-compete provisions rather than voiding the entire agreement. This means even a poorly drafted non-compete may be partially enforced after judicial modification.
§ 5. Statutory Exemptions & Carve-Outs
Kentucky law exempts certain workers from non-compete enforcement:
- Physicians (KRS § 311.5295)
§ 6. Consideration & Contract Formation
Continued employment alone is NOT sufficient (Charles T. Creech v. Brown, 2014). Employer must provide additional consideration such as a promotion, raise, bonus, or access to proprietary training. Whether this is legally sufficient — especially for agreements presented mid-employment rather than at hiring — is frequently contested.
§ 7. Effect of Involuntary Termination
Termination without cause may weaken enforceability. Courts may apply heightened scrutiny when the employer initiated the termination, particularly for termination without cause or mass layoffs.
Practitioner Notes
Key distinction: unlike most states, continued employment alone does NOT support a non-compete in Kentucky.